Changes in Diversity of Intestinal Butyrate-producing Bacteria During Treatment with Shenling Baizhusan and Lizhongtang in Animal Model of AAD / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the microecological mechanisms of Shenling Baizhusan （SLBZ） and Lizhongtang （LZ） in treating antibiotic-associated diarrhea （AAD） based on changes in the diversity of intestinal butyrate-producing bacteria. Method:SD rats were randomly divided into an SLBZ group （5.5 g·kg^-1·d^-1） and an LZ group （5.5 g·kg^-1·d^-1）. The gut microbiota disturbance model was induced by intragastric administration of clindamycin hydrochloride （315 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） and AAD model by <italic>Clostridium difficile</italic>. Subsequently， the rats were treated correspondingly. Fecal samples at different stages were collected and the total DNA was extracted. Polymerase chain reaction （PCR） amplification was performed with the primers of butyryl coenzyme A （CoA）-CoA transferase genes. The PCR products were cloned and sequenced to analyze the diversity response of butyrate-producing bacteria. Result:After treatment， both groups showed increased food uptake， formed feces， glossy and smooth fur， and improved activity and sensitivity. With the butyryl CoA-CoA transferase gene as the molecular marker， 297 sequences of butyrate-producing bacteria in the SLBZ group （SPD for short） and 300 sequences of butyrate-producing bacteria in the LZ group （LPD for short） were obtained. In the SLBZ group， 98， 100， and 99 sequences of SPD were obtained at the normal stage， the modeling stage， and the treatment stage， respectively， belonging to 8， 3， and 6 operational taxonomic units （OTUs）， with similarity ranges of 78%-97%， 86%-99% ， and 81%-97%. The number of OTUs recovered to 75% of the normal level after treatment. In the LZ group， 100 sequences of LPD were obtained at the normal stage， the modeling stage， and the treatment stage， respectively， belonging to 6， 2， and 4 OTUs， with similarity ranges of 83%-97%， 92%-99%， and 85%-99%. The number of OTUs recovered to 80% of the normal level after treatment. Butyrate-producing bacteria were present in all stages of the two groups， dominated by Firmicutes， accounting for more than 98% of the total number. The effects of SLBZ on SPD at the genus level were observed in the significant decrease in <italic>Clostridium</italic> abundance and the significant increase in <italic>Eubacterium</italic> abundance. The effect of LZ on LPD was mainly concentrated on the <italic>Roseburia </italic>at the genus level， and LZ also increased the abundance of <italic>Eubacterium</italic>， <italic>Lacrimi</italic>sp<italic>ora</italic>， and <italic>Clostridium</italic>. According to the phylogenetic tree， the classification of butyrate-producing bacteria increased from five clusters to seven clusters after SLBZ treatment， while that increased from three clusters to nine clusters after LZ treatment. Conclusion:In the treatment of AAD， SLBZ and LZ can regulate the structure and abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria in the intestine， restore their diversity， and improve the instability of the intestinal microecological environment.

Research Progress of Butyrate-producing Bacteria in Regulating Intestinal Microecology and Interventional Effect of Chinese Herbal Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Butyrate-producing bacteria are specific intestinal bacteria with butyrate as the main metabolite, and most of them are Firmicutes.Butyrate-producing bacteria can synthesize butyrate with non-digestible carbohydrates in the diet, and then regulate intestinal microecology and microenvironment, thereby supplying energy to intestinal epithelial cells, affecting intestinal mucosal barrier, adjusting intestinal flora structure and regulating host immunity, so as to alleviate obesity, hypertension and other diseases.Therefore, the targeted regulation of butyrate-producing bacteria and butyrate has become a potential vital method for the prevention and treatment of many diseases.After oral administration, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) enters the body, and first contacts gastrointestinal tract, so the interaction between CHM and microbiota existing in the intestine is an inevitable important process.It has been confirmed that CHM could regulate intestinal flora; and due to its complex composition and numerous components, CHM can exert interventional effects at multiple levels, in multiple pathways and on multiple targets.Its effect on the butyrate-producing bacteria is as follows.In the intestinal tract, CHM can play a " prebiotic" role, and enrich the beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria, and polysaccharides in CHM can be used as a fermentation substrate to promote the synthesis of butyrate, so as to achieve the effective regulation of butyrate-producing bacteria and butyrate.Based on that, this paper explored the relationship among butyrate-producing bacteria, butyrate and intestinal microecology, and reviewed relevant researches about the intervention of CHM on butyrate-producing bacteria to regulate intestinal microecology in recent years, in order to provide new research ideas for the application of CHM to prevent and treat diseases, as well as drug development.